How a blockchain uses a p2p network to solve the double-spending issue as well as exclude financial institutions? — In this article, you will see how the cryptocurrency P2P network works. You will explore different blockchains policies specifically and the P2P network in general by breaking the P2P network into five layers. Topics Covered Consensus layer Miner layer Propagation layer Semantic layer

What is EVM? EVM is an execution environment for the Ethereum blockchain. It allows you to run the smart contract code by compiling it into EVM bytecode. Basics: Solidity → Byte Code → Opcode As you know, your Solidity code must be compiled into bytecode before being deployed on the Ethereum…

Private keys are of critical importance in the crypto industry. We recommend all seasoned crypto users learn about their origin, reasoning, and value. Below, we’ll analyze where private keys come from and their relationship with your crypto. — Private keys and their role in crypto Owning cryptocurrency comes down to merely holding a private key. Unlike in the “real” world, where owning physical property usually involves possessing a deed with your name or a receipt of sale, owning is equivalent to knowing in the crypto world. …

All crypto addresses come from somewhere. In this second installment in our mini-series, we’ll build on our newfound knowledge of private keys and see how your browser transforms a randomly generated sequence of ones and zeros into a unique wallet address owned by you and you alone. — Disclaimer: Please bear in mind that all the private keys generated and used in this article are only for educational purposes. Do not use any of the code, keys, or addresses shared in this post to hold any kind or amount of crypto assets.

Transactions must be signed by a private key in order to hold any value. Since all digital assets are created from transactions, signatures play a critical role in any blockchain. In this article, we’ll learn how Ethereum transactions are signed. — In our previous articles, we went through the process of creating a private key and learned what can be done with it. Specifically, in part one, we learned that keys are nothing more than random numbers of astronomical proportions, whereas in part two we looked at how these numbers can…

How transactions are performed on Ethereum. In this article, we’ll talk about transaction validation rules, and why they exist; then we’ll take a deep dive into how a transaction is executed, and each step a node takes when validating a transaction. Welcome to follow and discuss with us Author: support@lunaray.co 0x01 Introduction …

Namaste🙏, I’m Ankita Sinha, an MTech CSE student doing a specialization in Information Security. You can connect with me on LinkedIn, and Github. Contributors of the Article: Megala & Ankita To preserve user privacy and guarantee data confidentiality on a network, it is crucial to secure communication between the mobile…

Why Merkle Tree is used in Blockchain — All programmers would agree on how important Data-structures and Algorithms are. And Trees are one of the most important data structures among them. The funny thing about Trees in Computer Science is that their roots are at the top (looks like an upside-down tree). But what is a Merkle Tree…

Welcome to the fifth part of the 100 part series on Blockchain. Part 1: What is Blockchain technology? Part 2: Components of a Block in the Blockchain Part 3: Hash Functions in Blockchain Part 4: Types of Blockchain The data/transactions in a block are not stored as plain text; instead…

How To Create Token Vesting Schedule — The term “vesting” originated from the Latin word “vestire”. It is being widely used by companies and entrepreneurs nowadays. It is usually introduced when a company issues stocks, coins or tokens at a time. In this article, you’ll learn how to create a token vesting schedule in tokenomics. And how…

Background If you have read my article on Ring-Trade Systems (check it out here), you know that I ended my argument on one assumption — A way to securely roll-up computationally intensive operations like ring-matching from L2 to L1. In the case of Loopring, the solution was a ZK roll-up. While…

Detailed explanation of Ethereum Yellow paper — — Merkle tree and Ethereum objects In this post, we will learn more about the main objects in Ethereum and their roles, and we will also briefly discuss how to use Merkle trees in Ethereum. Welcome to follow and discuss with us Author: support@lunaray.co 0x01 Merkle trees In a Merkle tree, leaf nodes contain hashes of data blocks, and…

EvoSnails is an on-chain gaming NFT, in which holders stake their snails to earn our $LEAF token, and can use that token to upgrade their traits. We launched our collection on the 1st of November, with approximately 3,000 users whitelisted for early access. …

What if you had the convenience of using a hot wallet while keeping the security of a cold wallet? Even if you give out your seed phrase, fear not, kongz are safu… Hello frens, It’s been a while since my last blogpost. Things don’t change, I got my private key leaked…

The transparency of blockchains is an advantage in many cases, there are also a number of smart contract use cases that require confidentiality for various business or legal reasons, such as using private data as input to trigger the execution of a smart contract. 77 Smart Contract Use Cases Enabled by Chainlink This post is an update of “44 Ways to Enhance Your Smart Contract With Chainlink,” originally published on May 17…blog.chain.link

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication in the presence of third parties. It is used in a variety of applications, including email, file sharing, and secure communications. Cryptography is also used in digital rights management and to protect computer systems. Cryptography is a practice that has been used for…

The objective of both cross-chain and multi-chain technology is to enable information and data to move between different blockchains. They differ in their method of achieving this objective. Cross-Chain Cross-chain is a technology that improves the connection between blockchains by enabling the seamless exchange of information between blockchains. This eliminates the…

With ECDSA we create a signature with a private key and then prove with a public key. A special feature of ECDSA is that we can recover the public key from the signature. With ECDSA we have a signature value of (r,s,v) and we can use these values to…

A peer-to-peer network engine — Introduction Libp2p is a network framework that is used to create decentralized peer-to-peer application. It was created by Protocol labs and used in IPFS later ethereum used in there blockchain’s network layer. Both are created on golang implementation of libp2p. …

“Cryptography is both an art and a science that involves concealing communication”. It is more of an art than a science. Science is only a technique used to convert an artistic vision into a mathematical procedure in this case. Introduction: Merkle Trees have existed in the realms of cryptography and…