Recently there is a rise in discussion about the potentials of ZKP — Zero Knowledge Proofs in crypto. Jumping on the bandwagon, I decided to learn circom and try to implement Conway’s Game of Life as a zkSNARK circuit, as well as use the circuit in an NFT smart contract. …

Understanding Polygon zkEVM Polygon is one of the most popular scaling solutions for smart contract developers on Ethereum today. The layer 2 solution provides all of the decentralization and security developers expect but with reduced costs, as Polygon rolls up transactions and batches them to the Ethereum main net. Today, Polygon’s announcement of…

What’s “BLS”, “12” and “381” in BLS12–381? — Introduction A good deal of my work involves using elliptic curves, along with implementing pairing-based cryptography for things like zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs). At the core of this is often the magical BLS12–381 curve, and which has not one curve, but two. …

One exciting feature of Ethereum is the ability to prove consent directly between parties. In other words, you can easily validate that someone agreed to something without the need for a third party. …

One exciting feature of Ethereum is the ability to prove consent directly between parties. In other words, you can easily validate that someone agreed to something without the need for a third party. …

What are Zero-Knowledge proofs? A ZK proof is a way for one party, the prover, to convince another, the verifier, that a particular statement is true while the prover refrains from disclosing full information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true. Zero-knowledge proofs provide a safe way…

Data. Data is crucial in this modern society. For starters, As we already know the apps we use in everyday life collect data, store it, and use it for multiple reasons. What if the user wants complete autonomy over their information? Here is a scenario: Once there lived a king, ( Don’t Judge 😏)…

Goal: To achieve verifiable pvp outcomes on chain using ECDSA At first, I had no idea how I would achieve this but after a couple of weeks, it hit me. Use ECDSA signatures before & after the fight in order to make sure all participants are recorded & submit these…

If you are a dev / techie and if you have a high level understanding of blockchains, you surely have heard this buzzword: “Merkle trees”. Wikipedia says: In cryptography and computer science, a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every “leaf” (node) is labelled with the…

Creating and verifying Merkle Tree proofs using Solidity smart contracts and JavaScript. Merkle Trees are a great cryptographic way to gain a certain proof. For example, that a smart contract function call has come from your own website, or that an NFT mint function call comes from a whitelisted address. …

Zero-Knowledge Proof now has a wider range of applications, such as privacy calculation, computational proving, consensus proving, and so on. While looking for more suitable application scenarios, many people gradually find that the preformance of Zero-Knowledge Proof is the bottleneck. Trapdoor Tech has been researching on Zero-Knowledge Proof in depth…

As a child, I was forever taking things apart and often did not put them back together again. For me, I had to discover the magic that made the thing work. But, not putting it together again was not good for my parents. And so, if you are into cybersecurity…

“You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink” Sometimes, you feel that some software developers struggle to properly secure their code. …

In this article, we’ll break down the MerkleTree proof implementation for your NFT collection’s airdrop/whitelist. (+testing). Using Polygon Mumbai. If you don’t understand how this algorithm works, I advise you to read the previous article before starting to work (I have explained the Merkle algorithm in detail here). I also advise…

In part 1 of this article, we tried to understand what merkle trees are and the concept behind. We know that merkle trees help us in verifying whether a particular data point is the part of the tree ( merkle root ) or not. …

One of the most important functions within a trusted infrastructure is the usage of a digital signature. In the past, ECDSA has been shown to have weaknesses, including where Sony used a private key of “9”. …

Prerequisites Install docker Step by step guide Create a folder named code to put the code Create the square.code file with this content: def main(private field a, field b) -> (field): field result = if a * a == b then 1 else 0 fi return result 3. Start docker 4. Open the terminal run…

When conducting an airdrop to a large number of users, the typical approach is to store users’ wallet addresses in a program, and claims are initiated by the users. This approach, however, will generate massive storage costs, called “rent” in Solana, when there are numerous wallet addresses to be stored. …

zkEVM is a kind of complicated Zero-Knowledge Proof application, it’s worth reading and learning its source code over and over again. https://github.com/appliedzkp/zkevm-circuits.git The last commit version of the source code used in this article is shown below: commit 1ec38f207f150733a90081d3825b4de9c3a0a724 (HEAD -> main) Author: z2trillion <z2trillion@users.noreply.github.com> …

I did an open day at my university on Saturday, and part of this was a fun Mentimeter test on passwords. As with every talk I have given on this, the majority used a single upper case character, put the number at the end, and used “!” or “@” in…